Plate 1 Vertical cross sections through the mantle S-velocity model ICEMAN-S. Absolute velocity variations obtained by combining the absolute average velocity (ICAV) with variations for sections across (a) and parallel (b) to the rift on Iceland illustrate both the vertical plume conduit at 400 to ~200 km depth and the horizontal plume head above 200 km. Relative velocity anomalies across (c) and parallel (d) to the rift enable visualization of the velocity variations within the plume head including high velocities in the uppermost mantle above the plume core.

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